What Industry did to Develop Japan to be a strong nation Research Paper

What Industry did to Develop Japan to be a strong nation - Research Paper Example Several politicians and political scientists have a diverging opinion and consider that the progress of Japan under this system is just a mere example of exception (Sakoh, 521-548). In this report a discussion will be presented based on the industrial contributions which led to the development of Japan. The development within the society relies heavily on the understanding of scope and goals set by the economy to be achieved. This requires contribution and raising the standards of learning. Other than this offering employment to all and reducing the elements of obesity are essential measures for improving the overall economy. Adapting to various technological advancements and inventions leads to the progress and development of the overall economy. For the economic development the countries need to form strategies which promote knowledge sharing, technological advancement and growth within the economic realm. The economies must emphasize on the strategies which are based on the selection of long term goals and trends. Other than this the industries must also rely heavily on implementing innovative ideas. Development strategies and global recognition are the forms using which the economy can lay its foundation towards the path of economic growth. Creation, acquisition and use of knowledge are the tools using which the countries can develop and progress. The methods of competition within the economy and globally have changed and hence require continuous improvement of all the aspects which lead to the development of the society (Dahlman, 29-63). The Japanese society promotes education and learning as an essential component of the culture. Developing the human resource and providing the skill which nominate growth and development are essential for the progress of the society. The collective survival mechanism based on co-operation between the human workforce leads to the collective growth (OECD, 137-152). The key factors

Assess the Significance of Developments in Policing Essay Example for Free

Assess the Significance of Developments in Policing Essay There were many significant developments in policing which aided the effectiveness of law enforcement in Britain from the period of 1830 to 1965. Reasons as to why developments were necessary in this period; firstly between the years 1829 – 1850 there was a steady increase in crime[1]. Secondly as time progressed criminals came up with ways to beat the policing system, therefore it was necessary for policing in Britain to develop, in order to keep on top of crime. Development factors such as; the establishment of the Metropolitan Police Force, passing of key legislation were key developments in policing which influenced law and order. Other developments such as the reformation of prisons and developments in technology, coupled with roles of individuals such as; Elizabeth Fry and high profile cases like that of Oscar Wilde, also contributed to the effectiveness of law enforcement in the 19th and 20th century. The first significant development in British policing, which notably advocated effective law enforcement was the establishment of the Metropolitan Police Force in 1830. This was a significantly fundamental advancement in law enforcement as it was the first time in British history that an organised policing force was introduced and it updated the predated system of watchmen and bow street runners. However, the force was met with varying attitudes from the public, much of which was sensationalised by the media[2]. Other major Acts were implemented to support the Metropolitan police, especially forces outside of London, for example; the Municipal Corporations Act 1835. This was a significant development as it nationalised the police force therefore allowing effective law enforcement to take place throughout the country, unlike before where it was restricted to London[3]. However the effectiveness of these developments can be questioned, as police officers were often criticised for being drunks and bullies[4], therefore they were mistrusted by the general public. There were further attempts to nationalise the police force, such as the Rural Constabulary Act 1839. This was a significant development in law  enforcement as the legislation focused nationalising policing in rural areas. On the other hand, the enforcement of the Act was optional[5] thus limiting its effectiveness, as many boroughs were apprehensive of its creation. Nevertheless further legislation was pioneered in the form of the County and Borough Police Act of 1856, which saw every county having to acquire a professional police force[6]. The government encouraged the development and gave incentives such as; paying for clothing and wage to efficient police forces[7]. Officers therefore, would have felt a sense of duty to their jobs accurately as they had respectable positions. Additional legislation allowed the policing forces of Britain to develop into further branches, such as the establishment of the C.I.D in 1877 which investigated homicides. This development was pivotal as it loosened pressure on the Metropolitan police force and allowed a select force to focus on a case. However, the birth of the C.I.D incurred with the Turf Fraud Scandal, thus leaving the public suspicious and distrustful of the establishment. The C.I.D’s first major test came in the form of the Jack the Ripper Case in 1888[8], which instilled fear throughout the nation. Conversely the case was significant in another light, as police performance was repeatedly criticised for its incapability and slow work. Other cases such as The Arrest of Scotland Yard[9], did not help the detective forces as they were again shown as an inefficient and corruptive detectives. The development of the C.I.D also brought about the development of the Special Irish Branch in 1884, both which showed their significance as they foiled the assassination attempt of Queen Victoria at her Golden Jubilee in 1887[10]. This was a significant case as it showed the public that both, the C.I.D and the Special Branch were effective developments of law and order as cooperative work between forces ensured the protection of the Queen and thus the nation. It is apparent that other factors contributed in influencing effective law and order and not only developments in policing, for instance the reformation of prisons. Prisons in the 18th century have been criticised for their poor sanitation, poor food and living conditions. It was remarked that felons in Britain lived â€Å"worse than dogs or swine†[11]. Humanitarian Elizabeth Fry campaigned for the separation of women and children from male  prisoners, especially after she witnessed the appalling conditions in prisons[12]. Her work was promoted throughout the House of Commons and with the support of Sir Robert Peel; they introduced a series of prison reform including the Gaols Act 1823. This showed the strong public opinion on issues regarding law and order, especially as intervention of influential individuals was evident. By 1840 the government had recognised that prisons needed to be modernised, such as the Pentonville prison in 1842. Developments such as these meant that wardens could control prisons better and new regimes could be exercised, such as the separate system, where inmates were kept in solitary confinement from the beginning of their sentence. This development aided effective law and order as there were reported cases of reformed criminals, however the system sent many insane or led them to suicide, questioning the regime and the governments handling on the treatment of criminals. Furthermore, prisons had been nationalised in 1877[13], this coupled with the harsh regimes led to a steady fall in crime[14], proving the effectiveness of this development on law and order. Further legislation such as the Prison Act 1898, reasserted the idea of reformation as the main role in prison regimes. This led to a dilution of the separate system, the abolition of hard labour, and established the idea t hat prison labour should be productive. The argument of the reformation of prisons brought attention to young offenders. Transportation itself had ended in 1852, as reformists viewed it as a lenient punishment, however under the Reformation School Acts (1854); courts were allowed to send children for transportation[15] setting double standards within society, whilst historians argue that there were little, if any boundaries between children and adults[16]. The Children’s Act of 1908, established juvenile courts[17] and also banned prison sentences to those less than 14 years of age. This was significant in influencing effective law enforcement, as children were seen with sympathy and compassion. The legislation also showed that boundaries were being set for adults and children. During this period there was a general feeling that children were committing crime due to inadequate discipline and education at home, thus the Borstal System was introduced[18]. The main elements in the borstal programs included; education, regular work, vocational training, and group  counselling, however the Borstal System proved to be ineffective as 75% of inmates still re-offended[19] . Further developments came into fruition in the form of technology, which greatly influenced effective law and order. It has been argued that were being increasingly caught[20], for instance, advancements through the development of finger printing in 1901[21]. The development aimed to prevent criminals from concealing previous convictions. This development contributed to effective law and order as a database of criminals was created which the police could use as a reference for repeat offenders. Other tools which helped the police force included Radio telegraphy and the use of the 999 system in 1910. These developments influenced effective law and order as the police was able to communicate better with not only one another, but also with those in need of help. However the effect of the modernisation of the police force meant that there was increasing reliance on electronical and technological methods, thus alienating the average police man from his community[22]. It can be argued that the use of media had also affected the influence the effectiveness of law and order as public opinion had been influenced through the use of various Medias. The Oscar Wilde Case of 1895[23], exemplified how societies stereotypical immoralities i.e. homosexuality, could be used against someone in a court of law and order and convict them as a criminal. Other cases, for instance the Derek Bentley Case of 1952[24], showed further miscarriage of justice, as the wrong person was hung. This case was significant in influencing law and order as the media attention helped increase societies widespread doubt in the justice system. An added incentive that motivated the public’s change of attitude towards capital punishment and the miscarriage of justice was the Ruth Ellis Case of 1955[25]. It was evident from this case, that Ellis was did not receive the correct legal representation in court and the case was not thoroughly investigated. It was found out after the trial; Ellis was a victim of domestic violence, which could have been the cause for her crime of passion. These high profile cases strengthened the public’s resolve on the issue of the barbarity of capital punishment and the ever present fact that there was  no reprieve for those who were convicted and hung. This led to the profoundly significant changes in legislation which influenced effective law and order; the Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act of 1965[26]. This was paramount in policing legislation as the death penalty was abolished. The abolition was a significant change in the 20th century as capital punishment was seen with much aversion both from the public and judges alike, who were especially reluctant to hand out death penalties. In conclusion developments within policing which significantly influenced effective law and order in the period 1830-1965 were vast and all had varying impact on society. Legislation such as the Municipal Corporations Act of 1835 and the Rural Constabulary Act of 1839, ensured society was protected by an organised, efficient national police force. However officers were distrusted by the general public, therefore they had many hurdles to face before having a significant impact on society. However one cannot base the effectiveness of law and order within this period solely on developments in policing, as there were other contributory factors. For example; reformation of prisons through work of individuals such as Elizabeth Fry, the establishment of the C.I.D, technological developments such as finger printing and DNA sampling and high profile cases like that of Oscar Wilde. These developments greatly advanced effective law and order, as one can base the suggestion of decreasing crime rate during 1830-1965[27] on these as well as the developments in policing. Bibliography Books Trend of Crime 1750 – 1900 – Ian Dawson Crime and Punishment: A Study Across Time – Roger Whiting 1968 D.Taylor. ‘Crime, Policing, Punishment in England 1750-1914’ The Victorian Underworld, Donald Thomas 1998 Police and Prisons – P. F. Speed 1970 Crime and Punishment through time, John Murray History of Police in England and Wales – T. Crithchley 1978 Websites www.historyhome.co.uk www.learnhistory.org.uk www.parliament.uk/ www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_and_Borough_Police_Act_1856 www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper#Investigation www.suite101.com/content/the-jubilee-plot-to-kill-queen-victoria-a290563 www.howardleague.org/index.php?id=elizabethfry www.howardleague.org/history-of-prison-system/ www.crimezzz.net/forensic_history/index.htm www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_wilde www.innocent.org.uk/cases/derekbentley/index.html www.stephwn-stratford.co.uk/ruth_ellis.htm www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1965/71/enacted

Genovese and Northup :: American America History

Genovese and Northup Slavery as a global institution tends to have an unreal aura surrounding it. Modern perspectives cannot be empathetic because it is not an institution even partially realized in the last century of American life. This is why even through reading Eugene Genovese's Roll, Jordan, Roll and examining most of the aspects of slave life, slavery still remains a mystery in the personal sense. Solomon Northup's Twelve Years a Slave, in addition to being one of Genovese's own resources, fills this void with its brutally honest personal story of a slave's life. Northup's account enlightens and strengthens Genovese's arguments, specifically those concerning labor, the master-slave relationship, and rebellion, by putting global descriptions in a personal perspective. One of the main advantages of 12 Years a Slave is that Northup is a slave himself, and in that respect does not have to be an apologist for slavery and slaveholders. It is not that Genovese himself is an apologist, but as a modern Caucasian, he must approach the subject of casting any light that might be perceived as positive on slaveholders with trepidation. Although Genovese does his best to present a fair and accurate depiction of slavery, he cannot know the slaves' perceptions of their masters. It is really in this respect that Northup's account is so useful. By portraying slaveholders as people with human faults and sensibilities, he shows how the institution affects everyone involved. Slaveholders can still be good people, and that goodness shines through the peculiar institution. This is a vital piece of the story of slavery that Genovese cannot put in his comprehensive history. Northup's words must be left to stand alone, and draw specifics against a general background. The details of working cotton and sugar cane differ little from Genovese to Northup. Genovese puts the slave gang working grueling hours with specific daily goals, and Northup backs this up with his description. "The hands are required to be in the cotton fields as soon as it is light ... and ... they often times labor till the middle of the night."1 This is a prime example of how Northup is able to lend his personal experience to Genovese's general description of slavery. Northup tells us that even after such long hours, the slaves are still extremely afraid, because the master demands a certain amount of cotton from each slave. Merely meeting that goal is not be enough; if a slave exceeds it, then the expectations for that slave's ability would be raised. Genovese and Northup :: American America History Genovese and Northup Slavery as a global institution tends to have an unreal aura surrounding it. Modern perspectives cannot be empathetic because it is not an institution even partially realized in the last century of American life. This is why even through reading Eugene Genovese's Roll, Jordan, Roll and examining most of the aspects of slave life, slavery still remains a mystery in the personal sense. Solomon Northup's Twelve Years a Slave, in addition to being one of Genovese's own resources, fills this void with its brutally honest personal story of a slave's life. Northup's account enlightens and strengthens Genovese's arguments, specifically those concerning labor, the master-slave relationship, and rebellion, by putting global descriptions in a personal perspective. One of the main advantages of 12 Years a Slave is that Northup is a slave himself, and in that respect does not have to be an apologist for slavery and slaveholders. It is not that Genovese himself is an apologist, but as a modern Caucasian, he must approach the subject of casting any light that might be perceived as positive on slaveholders with trepidation. Although Genovese does his best to present a fair and accurate depiction of slavery, he cannot know the slaves' perceptions of their masters. It is really in this respect that Northup's account is so useful. By portraying slaveholders as people with human faults and sensibilities, he shows how the institution affects everyone involved. Slaveholders can still be good people, and that goodness shines through the peculiar institution. This is a vital piece of the story of slavery that Genovese cannot put in his comprehensive history. Northup's words must be left to stand alone, and draw specifics against a general background. The details of working cotton and sugar cane differ little from Genovese to Northup. Genovese puts the slave gang working grueling hours with specific daily goals, and Northup backs this up with his description. "The hands are required to be in the cotton fields as soon as it is light ... and ... they often times labor till the middle of the night."1 This is a prime example of how Northup is able to lend his personal experience to Genovese's general description of slavery. Northup tells us that even after such long hours, the slaves are still extremely afraid, because the master demands a certain amount of cotton from each slave. Merely meeting that goal is not be enough; if a slave exceeds it, then the expectations for that slave's ability would be raised.

Revolution Politically Considered Essay

The word Maccabean comes from Judas Maccabeus, the leader of the Jewish revolt against Syria which took place from 167 – 160 B. C. E. In 2nd Maccabees 15 v 30 he is described as â€Å"The perfect champion of his fellow citizens. † The story is recorded in the Apocryphal Biblical Books Ist and 2nd Maccabees, the sources written closest in time to the events and to a lesser extent by the Jewish 1st century C. E. historian Flavius Josephus in his Antiquities ( Books XII and XIII) who wrote some 200 years later. Martin Cohen ( The Hasmonean Revolution Politically Considered,1975, page 21) describes all three of authors, those of the Maccabean books and Josephus, as being overly partisan and seems to be saying that the so called sinners weren’t as black as they are painted. Some might say however that his article is in danger of going too far the other way in parts. The name means ‘hammer’ and was used to describe Judas’ immense strength. It was then taken as a name by his brothers, two of whom succeeded him, and other followers. The conflict had been stirred when, after a period of increasing Hellenisation, Syrian ruler Antiochus IV Epiphanes gave orders forbidding certain Jewish customs and practices and turned the Temple into a shrine for the pagan god Zeus – the idol the Jews refer to as ‘the abomination of desecration’ mentioned in Daniel 11. Judas Maccabeus and his followers incited a revolt. In 164 B. C. E they were able to regain control of the Temple, which was then cleansed and rededicating to the God of Israel. To this day Jews celebrate the feast of Hanukkah to recall these events. The story ends with the death of Nicanor in 2 Maccabeans 15 and also the idea of dedicating a special day to its remembrance- the thirtieth day of the twelfth month. The use of the menorah, the seven branched candlestick, is a reminder of the same events. Members of Judas’ family, the Hasmoneans, continued to rule in Israel until the Romans arrived in force in 63 B. C. E. Ist Maccabees was originally written in Hebrew, but that version is now lost and the text used is taken from the Greek Septuagint. The book is set in the period of Greek rule and covers the period of revolt from 175 to 134 B. C. However it also describes how many Hebrews actually welcomed the coming of Greek customs, even to the extent of trying to pass themselves off as Greeks. In 1st Maccabees 1 v 15 the writer tells how some were trying to hide the marks of circumcism i. e. the very mark of their Jewishness. In 2nd Maccabees the events are again related, but this time seemingly with the intention of showing God’s continued care for his people. It begins by urging Alexandrian Jews to keep the feast of Hanukkah and looks back at the events that led up to the first celebration. At the same time it castigates several people – the Hellenistic Jewish priests, in particular including High Priest Jason who was said to have sent money for statue of Herakles, something Martin Cohen ( Page 15 ) sees as a bribe rather than as a genuine donation because of faith.. Robert Doran ( 2006, The revolt of the Maccabees) looked for historic similarities and likened it to the modern day insurgency in Iraq. He tells how for the first years of Seleucid rule there were no major problems between the two groups. He describes the main problem as being about Jewish identity and who controls that definition. He makes the point that some would not have considered Jason to be a Jew at all, whereas he, as Jewish high priest, presumably did. He cites 20th century Jewish scholars Elias Bickermann and Victor Tchenikover who put the blame not on the Seleucids, but upon the Jewish leaders of the time. While I Maccabees blames the Seleucid leader, it has been pointed out by scholars such as Otto Morkholm (Antiochus IV of Syria, 1966) that in general he supported local cultures. The writer of 2nd Maccabees blames the institution of Greek education, even though there were a number of years between the opening of the Greek school and the revolt. The truth seems to be that when a villager from Modein, the Hasmonean home town, went to make sacrifices, Mattathias, the father of Judas, struck him with his sword. The family then fled, but also began a campaign of throwing down the pagan alters that they found and killing those who opposed what they felt was right. By the opening of 2nd Maccabees the father had died and it is Judas who is leading the revolutionaries. There are other major differences between the accounts, namely with regard to fighting on the Sabbath. This happens in the first book, but not in the second. According to Doran, in what seems to be a quite objective account ( page 107), upon the death of Antiochus his successor seems, to have let the matter stand, with the Hasmoneans in charge in Jerusalem. However the revolution was spreading to other areas. Jerusalem became the center for a general revolt against Seleucid rule. In 162 B. C. E. Judas finally lost control of the Temple area and was killed. Josephus describes in the opening words of his second book about the period, (Antiquities of the Jews, Book 13) how, after the death of Judus Maccabeus ‘all the wicked, and those that transgressed the laws of their forefathers, sprang up again in Judea. ’ And so the battles continued under new leadership. However soon after this the Seleucid Empire began to crumble because of its own internal divisiveness and Simon, brother of Judas, was able to expel the Seleucids. He was recognized as high priest of Judea in 140 B. C. E. So what had begun as a religious protest ended up as the basis for an independent kingdom – at last for a while. Martin Cohen took a new look at the events portrayed in the scriptures. He sees it as much as an internal fight among Jews as a revolt against foreign rule. He states (page 26) that Antiochus believed that no Jewish group was capable of holding the peace. He had trouble elsewhere and this is why he came down hard, turning Jerusalem into a fortress and he also removed the power of the Jewish constitution. This turned many into revolutionaries. If they had no Jewish law how could they be Jewish? Cohen describes how the revolt has often been viewed as a class struggle between the Hellenistic rulers and the ordinary people, despite the fact that there seems to have been grass roots support of Hellenisation. The Maccabees were not just non Hellenistic however, they were totally anti – Hellenistic, not just for themselves, but for Judaism as such. Cohen points out that the two accounts are both conflicting and inadequate and that the facts cited by Jewish historian Josephus don’t add a great deal to historic knowledge. He also describes how the Jewish Hellenistic aristocracy were very small in number. If they had not had popular support then the Selucid would have had to come down hard. Right from the beginning. The priests concerned are condemned in passages such as 2nd Maccabees 4 v 11 and 14. In the former passage they are accused of adding to the Pentateuch. The Pentateuch was scripture, but it was also the basis for all Jewish life. At the time of the revolution religion and politics, as far as the Jewish people were concerned were one and the same thing. But the Hellenistic Jews did not deny Judaism and the priests amongst them continued with their sacrificial roles, which they do not seem to have considered as being in opposition to their Hellenistic practices. Conclusion Whatever the truth of the matter regarding the origins of the revolt and wherever the true blame should lie, essentially this was about preserving Judaism as it had been for hundred of years and was about defining what is a Jew – an argument that can still be seen to be going on, even if sometimes in silence, in the differences to be observed daily in the 21st century between those who call themselves Orthodox Jews and others of the same faith and race, believers and otherwise. Works Cited Bible, King James, â€Å"2nd Maccabees†, Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia 12th May 2010, Libraryhttp://etext. virginia. edu/toc/modeng/public/Kjv2Mac. html Bible, Revised Standard Version, â€Å"Ist Maccabees†, National Council of Churches of Christ in America 12th May 2010, http://quod. lib. umich. edu/cgi/r/rsv/rsv-idx? type=DIV1&byte=4219672 Cohen Martin, â€Å"The Hasmonean Revolution Politically Considered: Outline of a New Interpretation,† The Journal of the Central Conference of American Rabbis , (Fall 1975 ): 13-34 Doran , Robert, â€Å"The Revolt of the Maccabees â€Å" The National Interest ( September –October 2006):99, 100 Josephus , â€Å"Antiquities of the Jews† , Book XII ,12th May 2010, http://www. ccel. org/j/josephus/works/ant-12. htm Josephus , â€Å"Antiquities of the Jews† , Book XIII 12th May 2010 http://www. ccel. org/j/josephus/works/ant-13. htm Morkholm, Otto,† Antiochus IV of Syria†, Classica et Mediaevalia Dissertationes VIII, Copenhagen. 1966

Factors Affecting Career Preferences of Senior High School Student

Factors Affecting Career Preferences of Senior High School Students An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to the Faculty of Asian Computer College-Mayapa In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Fourth Year Students Presented By: Aizel Hernandez Benpar Lo Reyes Jhose Mariz De Roca January 2012 APPROVAL SHEET In partial fulfillment of the requirements in Technical Writing, this thesis entitled â€Å" Factors Affecting Career Preferences of Senior High School Student† has been prepared by Aizel Hernandez, Benpar Lo Reyes, and Jhose Mariz De Roca who are hereby recommended for oral defense.The Problem and Its BackgroundINTRODUCTION Our country suffers from multifarious crisis such as socioeconomic crisis, political crisis, and as well as financial crisis which is greatly affected by global economic crisis. Despite of all these crises, Filipinos are imaginative, creative, and courageous to surpass these obstacles in everyday life. Even though there are some companies affected by these crises which they are force to decrease their employees called as â€Å"recession†, some of them have job openings that offer new career opportunities to graduated college students. These job openings also offers a new challenge into their life – a great responsibility lies to his hand that someday will help his family strive to achieve wealthiest, use his acquired knowledge and skills when he engage into a job, and acted as one of the reinforcements in industry that would further improved the depleting economy of the country. All of these come first from wishes and aspirations that arises during childhood years that someday he or she will become a doctor, an architect, a teacher, a police, or an attorney to help those seek needs and help their family to ascend into poverty. According to Ginzberg and his associates, during the fantasy period play gradually becomes work-oriented and reflects initial preferences for certain kind of activities. This stage is the preparation for a child’s highly organized social life they will be required to adjust when they enter the first grade. Career preferences are free opportunity to select a desired career. It is also a decision-making in a confusing situation which occurs during the senior year of high school level. When one is confused in choosing a career, he relies on his friends and relatives. He was confused in a sense that he cannot make his own decision and not yet ready to get into college. According to Tiedemann, career development unfolds within the general process of cognitive development as one resolves ego-relevant crises. He further noted out those decision-making is a continuous process in which individuals will change their courses of career action, generally by leaving a setting or environment. Such as when a student is disoriented in his course he has been taken that will result in decreasing eagerness on that particular field. He decides to transfer in another school or to shift another course that really fits his own interest and. When one is unstable in making decision, these disoriented strategy may be repeated until achieve different bachelor’s degree which can be a major distraction of one’s future job. Super also considered indecisiveness as a period of developmental process when interest was not fully crystallized. Therefore, this study intends to determine the factors affecting career preferences among senior high school students. This factors that serve as preferences of student in choosing a career in college includes childhood aspirations, family/ relatives, peer/ friends, interest and specialization, values, in-demand jobs, school guidance counselor; and anticipated problems encountered are presumed to affect the student preferences of their career.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMWe, as the student chose this topic because we are graduating student and we are now in the point of planning what career are we going to take. Still, we are undecided what course is suitable for us. We chose this because we want to know what are the factors that affects us to think what are we going to take. The study aimed to determine the factors affecting career preferences of senior high school students. Specifically, it sought to answer the following sub problems: a. What are the socio-demographic characteristics of the senior high school students in terms of: ? Sex ?Age ?Parents Educational Attainment ?Parents Occupation ?Size of Income ?Sibling Position b. What are the top three expressed career choices of the students? c. What re the preferences of students in choosing a career in college in terms of: ? Childhood ?Family/Relatives ?Peer/Friends ?Aspirations Values ?In-Demand Jobs ?School Guidance Counselor d. What are the anticipated problems encountered in making their career choice?HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDYThe following hypotheses are formulated for acceptance or rejection of study: The socio-demographic characteristics (such as sex, age, parents’ educational attainment, parents’ occupation, size of income, and sibling position) does not affect the career preferences of the senior high school students. The preference of student in terms of childhood aspirations, family/ relatives, values, in-demand jobs, and school guidance counselor does not affect their career choice. The anticipated problem encountered by students does not affect their career choice.CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK THEORITICAL FRAMEWORKThe study is anchored on the theory of Donald Super which focuses on the development of life roles over the life span with emphasis on interrole congruence. His vocational concept as a part of self-concept is formed, it is the driving force that establishes a career pattern one will follow through life. Vocational developmental tasks are derived from vocational stages which provides framework for vocational behavior and attitudes.VOCATIONAL DEVELOPMENTAL STAGESGrowth (birth-age 14 or 15), characterized by development of capacity, attitudes, interests, and needs associated with self-concepts;Explanatory (ages 15-24), characterized by a tentative phase in which choices are narrowed but not finalized;Establishment (ages 25-44), characterized by trial and stabilization through work experiences;Maintenance (ages 45-64), characterized by a continual adjustment process to improve working position and situation;Decline (ages 65+), characterized by preretirement considerations, reduced work output, and eventual retirement.The crystallization task (ages 14-18) is forming a preferred career plan and considering how it might be implemented. Pertinent information is studied with the goal of becoming more aware of the preferred choice and the wisdom of preference. The specification task (ages 18- 21) follows in which the individual feels the need to specify the career plan through more specific resources and explicit awareness of cogent variables of the preferred choice. The implementation task (ages 21-24) is accomplished by the completion of training and entry into the career and develops a feeling of security in career position. The stabilization (ages 24-35) is reached when the individual is firmly established in a career and develops a feeling of security in career position. Finally, the consolidation task (35+) follows with advancement and seniority in a career. Super also identified six dimensions that he thought were relevant and appropriate for adolescents:Orientation to Vocational Choice (an attitudinal dimension determining whether the individual is concerned with the eventual vocational choice to be made);Information and Planning (a competence dimension concerning specificity of information individuals have concerning future career decisions and past planning accomplished);Consistency of Vocational Preferences (individuals’ consistency of preferences);Crystallization of Traits (individual progress toward forming a self-concept);Vocational Independence (independence of work experience);Wisdom of Vocational Preferences (dimension concerned with individuals ability to make realistic preferences consistent with personal tasks).This theory is found to be appropriate because of its stressfulness in terms of developing a career plan that will guid e the individual in choosing a career in college. Also, Super’s six-dimension is appropriate for adolescent is truly applicable because senior high school students are fall under this category. Another theory adopted for the research is David Tiedeman’s5 self-development approach to career. He believes that evolving ego-identity is of central importance in the career development process. He referred to the evolving self-in-situation from the earliest awareness of self to point at which individual becomes capable of evaluating experiences, anticipating, and imagining future goals, and storing experiences in memory for future reference with his context of Erik Erikson’s eight psychosocial crises. Self-in-situation, self-in-world and the orientation of work evolve as one resolves the psychosocial crises of life. He therefore conceptualized a paradigm for problem-solving as the mechanism of career decision making. His paradigm covers four aspects of anticipation or preoccupation (exploration, crystallization, choice, and clarification) and three aspects of implementation of adjustment (induction, reformation, and integration).ASPECTS OF ANTICIPATION, PREOCCUPATION, IMPLEMENTATION, AND ADJUSTMENTAspects of Anticipation Or Preoccupation Characteristics EXPLORATIONThinking is rather temporary and evanescent in nature.There is consideration and reconsideration of possible courses of action.Through imagination, one experiences numerous activities by relating feelings of self within certain structures or premises.There is searching through projection into tentative goals.There is a focus on future behavior with alternative courses of action.There is a reflection upon aspirations, abilities, interests, and future societal implications related to career choice.CRYSTALLIZATIONThere is a continued assessment of alternatives.Fewer alternatives are under consideration.There is an emergence of tentative choices.Tentative choices may be reevaluated in the process of valuing and ordering.Goals become more definite and formed but are not irreversible.There is a definite more toward stability of thought.CHOICEA definite goal is chosen.There is a focus on a particular behavior necessary to reach the chosen goal.CLARIFICATIONThis period is marked by further clarification of self in the chosen position.Further consideration of the anticipated position lessens the doubts of the career position.A stronger conviction about the career decision is developed.This ends the anticipatory or preoccupation stage.Aspects of ImplementationCharacteristics INDUCTIONThis period begins the social interaction experience with career identification.There is a further identification of self and defense of self within the career social system.As acceptance is experienced within the career, part of self is merged with the accepting group.There is a further progression of individualized goal but within the framework of the totality of a career concerning social purpose.REFORMATIONThe career group offers acknowledgement of acceptance as a group member.There is assertive action on the part of the individual the career group and outside the career group, spawned by the newfound conditions.Assertive action takes the form of convincing others to conform to the self-view held by the individual and toward greater acceptance of modified goals.INTEGRATIONA compromise of intensions of goal is achieved by the individuals as he/she interacts with the career group.Objectivity of self and the career group is attained.Identification of a working member within the total system of the career field emerges.Satisfaction of a committed cause or action is at least temporarily attained.Tiedemann stressed out why individual change their courses of action because of external factors because of external forces (such as the call of the armed forces, an economic crisis, the work setting itself) or by broad psychological drives (such as unmet needs, changing aspirations, role diffusion). According to the prescribed sequence, a new decision unfolds and must be made, beginning with exploration and eventually reaching integration. If integration is not reached once again, the individual may adapt to a career environment or may simply withdraw and begin a new search for eventual integration.THEORITICAL PARADIGMThe rationale between these two theories is one follows a vocational self-concept which is a driving force that establishes a career pattern one will follow through life but there are some factors could might altered this pattern. These factors, such as external forces (called of armed services, economic crisis, work setting itself) and psychological drives (unmet needs, changing aspirations, role diffusion) altered the career patterns of individual. Super said that indecisiveness is a period in developmental process when interests have not been fully crystallized. Individuals lead to discriminate 2 or more choices of two or more occupational objectives when uncertainty about future occurs. Tiedemann noted that as individuals become more aware of the developing character of the career process itself, they are more willing to make changes and to alter or redefine a decision.CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKFuture-tension can be surpassing if individual has a preparation to overcome it. Career preparedness will help the student become more effective and successful in life with his chosen job. Childhood aspiration has a major role on individual’s striving force. As they grow older, the more they want, the more they will strive to get it. But external factors (environment and society) and internal factors (self-crisis and family) changes their aspirations in life. Such as when a child wants to be a nurse to cure a patient in his illness but because of her interest like drawing and painting changes his aspirations. His interest got more concentrated so she will take a course which is suitable for it. Some graduated high-school students gradually stop in pursuing their college career. Financial sustainability plays a major role in alterations of career life. They need to work in order to sustain their studies, as wells as to help their family about expenses and earlier exposure to a company. Career preferences, then can be conceptualized as a process of decision-making. It also involves a series of prime factors such as the socio-demographic profile (sex, age, parents educational attainment, parents occupation, size of income, and sibling position). Likewise, it will identify the top three expressed career choices, preferences for the career choice such as childhood aspirations, family / relatives, peer /friends, interest and specialization, values, in-demand jobs, and school counselor; their anticipated problems encountered and how these problems affect the students in making their career preferences; and sibling position.CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM SCOPE AND LIMITATIONSThe respondents were taken from the different secondary schools in the City of Calamba. The senior high school students were whole selected as a part of the study. This study focused on their career preferences of senior high school students of different secondary schools here in the City of Calamba. It looked into their socio- demographic characteristics in terms of sex, age, parent’s educational attainment, parents occupation, size of income, and sibling position; top three career choice; preference of students in choosing a career in terms of childhood aspirations, family/relatives, peer/friends, values, â€Å"in-demand† jobs, and school guidance counselor; and anticipated problems encountered in making their career choices. The researcher considered senior high school students as the respondents since some of them are still undecided of course they want to pursue and suffers from difficulties in deciding their last term in high school excluded lower years since they are not yet capable of making a career decision and still pursuing their target specialization.SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYEducation is the totality of learning acquired by individual which is inherited from one generation to another, while career is serve as its application. The collaboration of these two fields plays a key in improving individual’s competence and professionalism and serve as their personal achievement. Therefore, this study is deemed significant to the following stakeholder for the following reasons:To the Students – The respondents are the center of the research because ultimately they develop the awareness of themselves, strength, and weaknesses for their career development by continually summarizing and reflecting upon what they are learning from home, school, and community. In totality, students are in charge of their own choice.To the Parents – In this study, parents will realize how important they are as a source of encouragement in which children are free to explore different areas of career preferences. This study will look forward in giving their children an assurance to acquire quality education that would enable them to obtain better job, better income, and brighter future.To the Teacher – This stu dy will give information to the teachers of ACC and LCBA as to the preferences of students such that they can focus on the skills needed by the students if ever the latter would pursue the career they have chosen.To the School Administration – The result of this study will help the school administration in putting up an effective, integrated career information and guidance system that plays a very helpful role in guiding students towards making the best possible career decisions.To the Researcher – The process and outcome of this study will produce a great satisfaction, competence, and professionalism to the field.Although the topic of the study is focused on career which belongs to the field known as Industrial Psychology, the purpose is to have a diversity and idea about the field rather than understanding the abnormalities of human behavior.DEFINITION OF TERMSThe following terms are conceptually or operationally defined to enhance the understanding of the readers of this paper.Crisis – an unstable or crucial time or state of affairs whose outcome will make a decisive difference for better or worse. In this study, crisis is mentioned into four: socio-economic, political, financial, as well as global economic.Recession – a period of reduced economic activity or withdrawal. In this study, recession refers to a decrease of employees in a company affected by economic crisis.Career – a field for or pursuit of consecutive progressive achievement especially in public, professional, or business life. In this study, career is the application of education whereby it is the totality of acquired knowledge.Ego-Relevant Crisis – is derived from Erik Erikson’s eight psychosocial crises such as *Trust*Autonomy*Initiative*Industry *Identity*Intimacy*Generativity*Ego-Integrity.Disoriented Strategy – displace from normal position or relationship. In the study, this term refers to mechanism of students when he or she is un stable in choosing a career which can be repeated.Socio-Demographic Characteristics – refers to sex, age, parent’s educational attainment, parent’s occupation, size of income, and sibling position.Sibling Position – the position of respondent in his family, whether he or she was a first child, second child, third child, etc.Preference – other term for recommend ; the power or opportunity of choosing. In the study, the term career preference refers to the basis of student in choosing the course he wants whether it comes from his childhood aspirations, relatives, peer, his values in life, interest and specialization, and school guidance counselor.Childhood Aspirations – the child’s infantile wishes of what he wants when grew up.Interest – to induce or persuade ; to participate or engage.Specialization – to concentrate one’s efforts in a special activity of field.Values – refers to motivated drives the individ ual is striving to achieve their aspirations in life.â€Å"In-Demand† Jobs – refers to the majority of present occupation which many companies are in need for a particular job.School Guidance Counselor – is a type of counseling profession specialized in assisting the tudents in choosing their career in college and as well as vocational or educational problems.Anticipated Problems – the expected problems of student’s career choice. For example, financial sustainability, poor health, self-conflicts, etc.Self-Concept – the mental image one has of oneself.Vocational Self-Concept – a driving force that establishes a career pattern one will follow through life.Vocational Ego-Involvement – a term which describes Tiedemann’s self-development approach to career.Review of Related Literature and Studies Career preference is the process of decision-making.A great number of studies, researches, and write-ups has been conducted for a period of time and still emerged as one of the top-priority research due to rapid changing and need of time. This chapter is the presentation of literature and studies from foreign to local which may directly or indirectly bearing to study at hand. Relevance to present studies will give a big picture why these literature and studies from foreign to local are used.FOREIGN LITERATUREAccording to Howard stressed out that whenever students are in their high school experience, they are the center of learning. In a traditional high school, the center of the system is the content or subject, not student learning. Howard and Ill present a system to promote the shift from traditional content or subject –centered high schools to student-centered high schools which is called as Collaborative Career Pathways – a system of organizing the student learning interests and aptitudes around career paths. It provides a structure for students to reference their learning and comment each year of their high school experience. It allows students to plan and practice their skills while creating a smooth and successful transition to a post-secondary option. Goffredson’s Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations describes how people become attracted to certain occupations. Self-concept in vocational development is the key factor to career selection and people want jobs that are compatible with their self-image. The key determinants of self-concept are one’s social class, level of intelligence, and experiences with sex-typing. Roe’s need approach emphasized that early childhood experiences play an important role in finding satisfaction in one’s chosen field. The need structure of the individual, according to Roe, would be greatly influenced by early childhood frustrations and satisfactions. According to John Holland , individuals are attracted to a given career by their particular personalities and numerous variables that constitute their backgrounds. First of all, career choice is an expression of, or an extension of personality into the world of work followed by subsequent identification with specific occupational stereotypes. Accordingly, one chooses a career to satisfy preferred modal personal orientation. Modal personal orientation is a developmental process established through heredity and the individual’s life history of reacting to environmental demands. If the individual has developed a strong dominant orientation, satisfaction is probable in a corresponding occupational environment. If, however the orientation is one of indecision, the livelihood of satisfaction diminishes. LOCAL STUDIES According to the study conducted by Siguan Jr. (1994), it was found out that the students self-concept showed no significant influence on their career preferences. The academic achievements of students proved to be significant related to their career preferences. The school were students came from had no influence on their choice of career. He recommends that a more improved and functional guidance provided in school to help students make sound career choices. The guidance services in school must be collaborative efforts of the administrator, guidance counselors, and teachers. Classroom teachers are encouraged to do their best in improving teaching learning processes, considering that academic achievement of student influences their career preferences. Another tudy conducted by Almerino (2003), it was found out that a big picture of a big family with low educational attainment and inadequate investment was the sole foundation of choosing a course, which was psychologically motivated. The respondent’s level of preferred intelligence did not match to their chosen course. This could be drawn from the required level of the course in contrast with their level of preferred intelligence. The necessity of developing a career development program was need in order to prevent any misfits and to assist students in the process of crystallizing their career in life. She recommended that this program be effectively implemented. Personal interests, abilities, skills, and values are the most influential factors in coming chosen occupation by the participants according to Pabiton (2007). These imply that like other graduating students in high school students, the participants seemed to have chosen occupation. She also noted that the students be given all the chances to learn and develop the skills and attitudes required for various occupations. She recommends that career counselors could give more emphasis on this environmental factor during individual and small group career counseling.FOREIGN STUDIESAccording to the study conducted by Garcez (2007) , it was found out that by increasing career development activities, which includes setting career goals, students had a higher self- esteem. Maybe even more important, however, is that students were more satisfied about the education they were receiving. This will, in turn, hopefully lead to students ha ving a deeper desire and commitment to succeed in their education. Another outcome of a higher self-esteem, is that those students chose more difficult goals than students with low self-esteems. She noted that excellent detailed plan for teaching parents and teachers how to teach young students to set career goals. The plan requires a total community effort through educators, parents, and businesses. Students must be given an opportunity to identify and explore their desired careers. They can accomplish this through the â€Å"School to Work Transition† or â€Å"Job Shadowing Program. † Through the cooperative efforts of the entire community, students can identify career choices, set career goals, and have higher self-esteems at an early age.Ultimately, they will further their education and have a better chance of succeeding in the â€Å"do or die† world in which we live.LOCAL LITERATUREAccording to Elmer (1989), career planning is life goal-setting. Without such a plan, it is like making a journey to an unfamiliar destination without a map. He proposed a Career Planning Guide that will help the students in choosing their appropriate course from planning a career, steps in planning career, goal-setting and self-understanding. Also, it reveals that guidance and counseling is intervention of underemployment individuals and career preparedness must be initiated.SYNTHESIS OF THE PRESENT STUDIESThe studies reviewed provide ample evidence that career development program is in need and must have a collaborative efforts made by school administrator, teachers, and mostly guidance counselor in crystallizing student’s career decision. The teaching methodologies or strategies must be improved and concentrate on student’s learning and not by subjects.Research MethodologyThis chapter presents the research design, population and sample of the study, research instruments, data gathering procedures, and statistical treatment of data. RESEARCH DESIGN This study used a descriptive survey method used to assess socio-demographic characteristics such as sex, age, parent’s educational attainment, parent’s occupation, size of income, sibling position; the top three expressed career choices; preference of student in choosing a career and anticipated problems that affect the career choices of senior high school students of Laguna College of Business and Arts and Asian Computer College. Descriptive research is a purposive process of data gathering, analyzing, classifying and tabulating data about prevailing conditions, practices, beliefs, processes, trends, and cause-effect relationships and then adequate and accurate interpretation about such data with or without aid of statistical treatment. POPULATION AND SAMPLE OF THE STUDY There are 173 respondents of this study came from LCBA and ACC but only 124 participated answering the survey questionnaire. Stratified random sampling is used to select randomly, samples from the different strata of the population. This type of sampling is used when the population has class stratifications or grouping either horizontally or vertically. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT The instrument used was a researcher-made questionnaire checklist to gather the needed data for the student’s profile. The draft of the questionnaire was drawn out based on the researcher’s readings, previous studies, professional literature, published and unpublished thesis relevant to the study. In the preparation of the instrument, the requirements in the designing of good data collection instrument were considered. For instance, statement describing the situations or issues pertaining was toned down to accommodate the knowledge preparedness of the respondents. Open-ended options were provided to accommodate to free formatted views related to the topics or issues. In this way, the instrument is authorized to obtain valid responses of the students. Preference for the use of the structured questionnaire is premised on several research assumptions such as a) cost of being a least expensive means of gathering data, b) avoidance of personal bias, c) less pressure for immediate response, and giving the respondents a greater feeling of anonymity.In the end, it encouraged open responses to sensitive issues at hand.DATA GATHERING PROCEDUREThe first step before going to the testing proper is to make a request letter. Upon approval, the researcher retrieves the request letter. The Prefect-of-Discipline, as well as the High School Department OIC, class advisers and other faculty members were selected in the administration. In administering the questionnaire, the researcher was use the time allotted for vacant to avoid distractions of class discussions. The student responses were given enough time to answer the questions.After data gathering, the researcher now collected it for tallying the scores and to apply the statistical treatment to be used with the study.STATISTICAL TREATMENT FOR DATAThe responses made by students describing their socio-demographic characteristics, preference of choosing their career, and anticipated problems were presented. For instance, sex, age, parent’s educational attainment, parent’s occupation, size of income and sibling position. This was also applied for top three career choice and students preference in making his career choice. In providing overall picture of the socio-demographic characteristics and career preference, as well as anticipated problems in pursuing their studies and its effect on students, summary presentations will also presented. Responses to the questionnaire by senior high school students were statistically analyzed with the data requirements of the study. Students were statistically analyzed with the data instruments of the study. Descriptive statistics such as frequency count, mean, percent and rank are considered.Review of Related Literature and StudiesIn this chapter, the data gathered from the senior students of Asian Computer College and Laguna College of Business and Arts in relation to the research objectives. This chapter discusses the result of the semi-structured questionnaire responded by 124 participants. Before the initiation of the research study the significance, rationale and purpose of the study were provided respondents. Furthermore, the respondents have also been given the assurance that all the data they will give are used for the purpose of the research and the identities of the respondents will be confidential. The object is to determine the effects of choosing career preferences in the College Degree. The conduct of this study entails a detailed account of the socio-demographic profile of the respondents. It is assumed that the attributes of the respondents influence their behavior and answers on the survey questions. Of particular significance to the achievement of the goals and objectives of the study – which is to be an instrument of analysis of the institution to gauge where it is now and where it is heading, thus what changes are to be made –is to be able to answer the research questions.

Free Essays on Server Imaging

Abstract Amalgamated Online, Inc. is a large multi-media company that has approximately 15,000 servers deployed throughout the enterprise. Currently, the configuration and deployment of a server is handled through several vendors. In order to save money, Amalgamated Online decided to investigate handling the service in-house. A cross-functional team was formed to determine the requirements and scope of the project. After the requirements were defined, a feasibility study was performed. The study determined that Amalgamated would save at least 8,000,000 dollars a year by handling configurations internally, so the project moved forward. During the design phase it was determined that using a Red Hat Linux server to deploy the images would be the best solution. An internal team call Platform Engineering Services was formed to handle the configurations, maintenance, and support after the integration. Server Imaging Project Amalgamated Online, Inc. has approximately 15,000 servers spread across the enterprise. The server operating systems vary between Microsoft fs Windows NT or Windows 2000, Sun Solaris Unix, Red Hat Linux and Hewlett Packard (HP) Unix. Amalgamated Online handles the Microsoft products with their in-house Information Technology (IT) staff. They have contracts with Sun, Red Hat and HP to setup, install, configure, migrate and replace the servers across the enterprise running their respective Operating Systems (OS). Each vendor has six Field Engineers (FE) working their respective contracts. Each vendor charges Amalgamated Online approximately $300 per hour for each engineer. The contract terms are based on an anticipated annual Level Of Effort (LOE) of 2,080 hours per FE. With an annual expense of $11,232,000 cumulative for the three contracts, Amalgamated Online decided to find a more cost effective and efficient method for maintaining and replacing their servers. Additionally, Amalgamated Online w... Free Essays on Server Imaging Free Essays on Server Imaging Abstract Amalgamated Online, Inc. is a large multi-media company that has approximately 15,000 servers deployed throughout the enterprise. Currently, the configuration and deployment of a server is handled through several vendors. In order to save money, Amalgamated Online decided to investigate handling the service in-house. A cross-functional team was formed to determine the requirements and scope of the project. After the requirements were defined, a feasibility study was performed. The study determined that Amalgamated would save at least 8,000,000 dollars a year by handling configurations internally, so the project moved forward. During the design phase it was determined that using a Red Hat Linux server to deploy the images would be the best solution. An internal team call Platform Engineering Services was formed to handle the configurations, maintenance, and support after the integration. Server Imaging Project Amalgamated Online, Inc. has approximately 15,000 servers spread across the enterprise. The server operating systems vary between Microsoft fs Windows NT or Windows 2000, Sun Solaris Unix, Red Hat Linux and Hewlett Packard (HP) Unix. Amalgamated Online handles the Microsoft products with their in-house Information Technology (IT) staff. They have contracts with Sun, Red Hat and HP to setup, install, configure, migrate and replace the servers across the enterprise running their respective Operating Systems (OS). Each vendor has six Field Engineers (FE) working their respective contracts. Each vendor charges Amalgamated Online approximately $300 per hour for each engineer. The contract terms are based on an anticipated annual Level Of Effort (LOE) of 2,080 hours per FE. With an annual expense of $11,232,000 cumulative for the three contracts, Amalgamated Online decided to find a more cost effective and efficient method for maintaining and replacing their servers. Additionally, Amalgamated Online w...

Where Text Meets Flesh Essays

Where Text Meets Flesh Essays Where Text Meets Flesh Essay Where Text Meets Flesh Essay In his article â€Å"Where Text Meets Flesh, â€Å" James Benn details the textual justifications for the burning of flesh in the Buddhist tradition in China and other Sinitic countries.   According to Benn, the relationship between this practice and its textual precedents is a tenuous one.   He believes that this practice was kept alive simply because those whose interests it served to continue this form of body modification wrote texts to solidify it into Eastern Buddhist practice. He cites two specific cases where this practice was justified, the Fanwang jing and the Shouleng’yan jing, both apocryphal texts, where these writings were â€Å"not only justified such extreme acts as autocremation and the burning of fingers but were also used to establish burning at ordination.†Ã‚   His thesis is that this act was not originally endorsed by Indian Buddhist monks, citing that, â€Å"no clear and unambiguous justification for burning the body could be found in texts of non-Chinese origin hence texts†¦were created in order to provide one.† Benn’s arguments against the inherent approval in Buddhism self-immolation and moxibustion are convincing and correct.   That is, he is completely justified in saying that the practice of the burning of the flesh is only established in the texts and, as such, exists as a rite simply because of the incorporation of pre-Buddhist rituals into pre-Buddhist literature.   His arguments are sound because he conducts an extensive literature search and does well in linking the statements of the literature to the historical context of the era.   He also cites anecdotal cases where necessary.   All of these elements   together do a good job in convincing the reader of Benn’s thesis. One   of the first things the author does is establishes the credibility of the practice in pre-Buddhist ritual.   He writes, â€Å"The practice existed in China long before the composition of the Fanwang jing or the Shouleng’yan jing†¦in the forms of (1)moxibustion and (2) ritual autocremation in praying for rain.† In emphasizing this, he underlines the strong link between Chinese traditions and this practice.   Buddhism was a foreign religion imported into China, so it is believable that some justifications were created to incorporate indigenous practices into formal rituals.   He backs up his ideas with references from the literature, stating that â€Å"the inspiration for this†¦precept is most likely drawn from the Lotus Sutra†¦what contains a story of a bodhisattva who burned his arms,† continuing with, â€Å"body burners†¦could point to this text with some confidence and say that†¦they were merely doing as the Buddha had told them,† citing invoking strong proof that this practice is linked to texts that instruct the faithful to carry them out in a similar manner. He also cites specific instaces of justification for autocremation and self-immolation by the use of the Fanwang jing or the Shouleng’yan jing.   One such instance was of the Song Tiantai master Zhili, â€Å"who used the two passages to justify his own proposed autocremation.†Ã‚   Zhili wrote letters to the Song writer Yang Yi, who asked Zhili not to perform these acts and remain alive. In these letters, the master â€Å"explicity cites both the Fanwang jing or the Shouleng’yan jing   as justification for his actions.   This letter by Zhili is probably as close to the mind of a self-immolator as it is possible for us to get.†Ã‚  Ã‚   He also excecises credibility by using the accounts of observers, such as J.J.M. de Groot and Johannes Prip-Moller , who actually spent time at monestaries supporting this practice. In summary, there are several methods that Benn uses which make it easy to conclude that self-immolation in China is linked solely to justification of written Chinese Buddhist texts.   First, the author establishes the practice as pre-Buddhist and cites non-Buddhists, such as Zhili, who used the practice in praying for rain.   Second, he specifically cites the two sources that justify this practice in a Chinese context.  Ã‚   And third, he cites the observations of actual anthropologists who recorded at monasteries, to add to his convincing evidence.

History of the Bicycle

History of the Bicycle A modern bicycle by definition is a rider-powered vehicle with two wheels in tandem, powered by the rider turning pedals connected to the rear wheel by a chain, and having handlebars for steering and a saddle-like seat for the rider. With that definition in mind, lets look at the history of early bicycles and the developments that led up to the modern bicycle. Bicycle History in Debate Up until a few years ago, most historians felt that Pierre and Ernest Michaux, the French father and son team of carriage-makers, invented the first bicycle during the 1860s. Historians now disagree since there is evidence that the bicycle and bicycle like vehicles are older than that. Historians do agree that Ernest Michaux did invent a bicycle with pedal and rotary cranks in 1861. However, they disagree if Michaux made the very first bike with pedals. Another fallacy in bicycle history is that Leonardo DaVinci sketched a design for a very modern looking bicycle in 1490. This has been proven to be untrue. The Celerifere The celerifere was an early bicycle precursor invented in 1790 by Frenchmen  Comte Mede de Sivrac. It had no steering and no pedals but the celerifere did at least look somewhat like a bicycle. However, it had four wheels instead of two, and a seat. A rider would power forward by using their feet for a walking/running push-off and then glide on the celerifere. The Steerable Laufmaschine German Baron  Karl Drais von Sauerbronn invented an improved two-wheel version of the celerifere, called the laufmaschine, a German word for running machine. The steerable laufmaschine was made entirely of wood and had no pedals.  Hence, a rider would need to push his or her feet against the ground to make the machine go forward. Drais vehicle was first exhibited in Paris on April 6, 1818. Velocipede The laufmaschine was renamed the velocipede (Latin for fast foot) by French photographer and inventor  Nicephore Niepce  and soon became the popular name for all the bicycle-like inventions of the 1800s. Today, the term is used mainly to describe the various forerunners of the monowheel, the unicycle, the bicycle, the dicycle, the tricycle and the quadracycle developed between 1817 and 1880. Mechanically Propelled In 1839, Scottish inventor Kirkpatrick Macmillan devised a system of driving levers and pedals for velocipedes  that allowed the rider to propel the machine with feet lifted off the ground. However, historians are now debating if Macmillan actually did invent the first pedaled velocipede, or whether it was just propaganda by British writers to discredit the following French version of events. The first really popular and commercially successful velocipede design was invented by French blacksmith, Ernest Michaux in 1863. A simpler and more elegant solution than the Macmillan bicycle,  Michauxs design included rotary cranks and pedals mounted to the front wheel hub. In 1868, Michaux founded Michaux et Cie (Michaux and company), the first company to manufacture velocipedes with pedals commercially.   Penny Farthing The Penny Farthing is also referred to as the High or Ordinary bicycle. The first one was invented in 1871 by British engineer James Starley. The Penny Farthing came after the development of the French Velocipede and other versions of early bikes. However, the Penny Farthing was the first really efficient bicycle, consisting of a small rear wheel and large front wheel pivoting on a simple tubular frame with tires of rubber. Safety Bicycle In 1885, British inventor John Kemp Starley designed the first safety bicycle with a steerable front wheel, two equally-sized wheels and a chain drive to the rear wheel.

Safety Operations Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Safety Operations Plan - Essay Example Our mission statement is "Your Safety is our First Priority. Certain principles form the core expectations of the Georgetown ATV company. The employees are expected to adhere to these principles to uphold quality standards provided by the company. These principles include: The overall aspiration for the company is to ensure safety for the customers while on the track and to get value for their money. Safety for all customers will encompass orientation on the track, checking gear and re-training our staff to maintain the international standards set for this sport. This will ensure that the customer is learning and having fun at the same time. The young will be trained on how to command a vehicle at an early age. The company’s target audience is young people between the 15 to 30 years of age. The company is hoping to nurture young talent in the sport. Our hope is that some of the riders could turn professional as we have qualified, experienced trainers and a state of the art equipment to realize this. However, it is paramount that safety is ensured at this stage. Therefore, our objectives will center on ensuring that the riders respect the rules and regulations set by the Georgetown AVG company. The core objectives will be: The company foresees the customer market for the ATV or off-road industry growing significantly in the coming years. Previously, this sport was for experts, but ordinary people are warming up to it because of the thrill and great discipline it nurtures .Many are new to the sport and therefore the Georgetown ATV company hopes to embrace the aspiring talent and lead them to greater heights as far as racing is concerned. Having trained these young generations of riders, the company hopes to sign them on in deals that will provide opportunities to compete with others in this sport. Therefore, in order for the company to gauge its success we will have in house tournaments and meets with other companies. The races should record no to

Success in college Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Success in college - Term Paper Example As far as using the educational resources are concerned, I need to be apt with how these resources are made use of and what the best foot forward is when one thinks about the work representations. I can gain quite a lot if these educational resources are employed in a sound and positive way because this will mean that I am looking forward to receiving the best of education and academic intelligence which is needed in this day and age. This will also guarantee that I am aligned with how to make the best use of the changing technological facets which have come to the fore and which shall have a very strategic bearing on my growth and development over a period of time. For using the educational resources, I need to make the best use of my university library so that the hidden treasures within it are explored to the hilt. The articles, books and journals need to be discerned for finding out the very basics related with the respective subjects. This shall mean that I am doing my utmost to make sure that the wrong concepts and ideologies are taken care of in an appropriate way and any such apprehensions are also kept at bay within the thick of things (Hess, 2001). When one talks about the academic honesty dictum, I need to make sure that I remain one step ahead of the requirements which exist within the related fore. This can only happen if I know exactly how I will plan things accordingly and how I shall be able to reap rich dividends in the coming times. I would like to be head-on with the plagiarism policies which exist within an academic context. In order to be completely at par with the rules and policies, what I need to know is how I can make the best use of these academic principles, ethical considerations and the like so that I remain in line with the changing need dimensions of the time, more so when it concerns with the academic honesty discussions. Any university would dearly have an academic honesty policy that shall have implications for the plagiarism i ssues which come to the notice of all and sundry. These need to be avoided in order to bring upon success which is hidden beneath academic excellence. It is sound to know that in this day and age universities are undertaking efforts and initiatives to make sure that the dishonest students are removed from their realms because they add nuisance value to its lengths and breadths. Therefore all-out efforts should be in place to remain academically honest about one’s dealings and undertakings. From an educational perspective, it is always significant to know and find out what the long term and short term educational goals and objectives are. This means that these educational objectives need to be achieved over a period of time and proper concentration and attention must be paid towards the same. By this, I need to have clarity as far as comprehending how I can achieve success within the shortest possible time and what I need to do in order to bring out the best within my skills, abilities and competencies (McKenna, 2011). Indeed there would be a host of obstacles and difficulties which would stand in my way but what I must do under such circumstances is to make sure that I remain steadfast about my educational priorities and thus give my very best day in and day out. This shall allow me an understanding that I must always remain supreme as far as achieving my

Logistics and Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Logistics and Supply Chain Management - Essay Example It is observed that storage cost increases when transportation is available but on the other hand, no cost cutting is experienced when the stock density is good, given the better accessibility through transportation of goods (Skipper, 2008). Holmes (2011) explains the trade-off between storage density and immediate accessibility of products throughout the Wal-Mart’s network. Wal-Mart’s strategy has been to leverage through the dense chain of its stores. The stores are vertically involved into distribution. Analysis of its distribution and warehouse network reveals that the general goods are supplied by Wal-Mart’s own regional distribution centres (RDCs) while the groceries for supercentres are delivered via its own food distribution centres. When stores are densely stocked, it is not hard to start a distribution chain that keeps stores near to a distribution centre and when the Wal-Mart stores are near to a distribution centre, it can spare the transporting costs . Other than that, such closeness permits Wal-Mart to react fast to demand jolts. Fast reaction is hugely known to be a leading trait of the Wal-Mart model. It needs to be appreciated that Wal-Mart restocked its shelves with American flags on the very day of 9/11. While stating the benefits of storage density of Wal-Mart, the job is tough as the Company does not reveal inside information out for information purpose. A direct analysis of Wal-Mart’s data pertaining to logistics cost to density is, therefore, not easy. Even if the Company readily reveals the information over the supply chain network, the leverage it is getting by reacting fast to demand jolts can not be approximated with the available accounting figures. Wal-Mart’s revealed priority can only be ascertained indirectly. Density allows leverage but it comes at a price. A testing of Wal-Mart’s attitude of unseen trade-off against the seen cost can help in getting the clue over how it succeeds in gettin g the leverage from the trade-off (Holmes, 2011). In the case of Wal-Mart, the high storage density is created when stores are in close proximity and their market fields converge. It offers the opportunity to new stores to benefit from the convergence, increasing their sales from established stores. The limit of such leverage can be measured by sourcing relevant data from different providers such as getting store level sales output from ACNielsen and regional data from the U.S. Census at a quite zeroed-in degree of geographical location. This information can be used to approximate a model of demand wherein consumers select among all the Wal-Mart stores in the general region where they reside. The demand model suits the data finely. Further, inherent meanings can be explained for the limit of leveraging from the store density with specific revelations made by Wal-Mart in its yearly reports. Analysis of the sales model helps in finding how Wal-Mart faces crucial diminishing returns in sales from its storage density because of the nearness of the stores to the adjoining area (Holmes, 2011). Wal-Mart worked on a changing structure for its stores across the time ranging from 1962-2005. The structural model of Wal-Mart developed by Holmes (2011) is quite huge. It can find out the correct position of each single store and the position of each distribution centre, the kind of store (routine Wal-Mart or supercentre), and the type of distribution cent

Exemplary of the kinds of arguments made by realist, liberal and Essay

Exemplary of the kinds of arguments made by realist, liberal and critical theorists of International Politics - Essay Example The liberal theorists believe that there should be equality for all, while critical theorists critically analyze the mechanisms determining international politics. The liberal theorists believe that the facilities and entertainment offered in the Olympic Games should be available and accessible to all the sections of the interested community. They believe that the fact that the organizing committee has reserved some features exclusively for the athletes and sponsors’ representatives only is unjust and should be available to local community as well. (Boykoff & Tomlinson, 2012) The liberals have argued the fact that since the inception of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in the 1890’s (known as some other association at that time) was formed as a body consisting of elites only which included lords and princes, and these were the people who would vote and decide the fate of the Olympics. This process then started to include more stakeholders in this decision makin g body but still only a select few that is the big businessmen who would control the commercial aspect of the games. Even today, the voting process is not completely impartial and the votes have been allegedly to be biased with the help of bribery and other benefits to nations who involve in such corruption. Other than this, the security measures taken to protect the Olympic Games involves huge costs which will have huge economic costs as well as psychological ones. The army soldiers deployed in London in areas near the Olympic venue even exceeds the number of British soldiers deployed in Afghanistan. This highlights the fact that the locals have not been treated as equals because the majority of these soldiers are deployed for the security of athletes and organizers’ representatives and not the locals. The realist theorists can present an argument to this according to their beliefs. The realists argue that the security of the nation and in this case, the security of London i s much more important for the good of the nation than sending out more troops to Afghanistan. Sending more troops to Afghanistan will benefit the world overall by fighting the terrorists and keeping them at their home rather than letting them enter into their countries for terrorist attacks. On the other hand, the soldiers deployed in London for the security of the Olympic games is much more important to the nation as it has higher stakes attached to the credibility of England and London to host such a major and prestigious event. Since the reputation, injection of finances and tourists, and credibility of the nation and British government was attached to these games, it is only fitting that the security measures are taken for the good of the country itself. Since the realist theory believes that self-interest has to be the first priority, in this case the security of the nation is more important as self-interest has to take priority. (Dowling, 2012) The realists also argue that in case of an aerial strike with the help of a ground-to-air missile, there may be some damage caused to the residents living in the locality where the incident occurs. However, the damage caused by this will be collateral damage and one that cannot be avoided or rather should not be given the fact that this collateral damage will be much less compared

By the end of the Qing dynasty, did China already have the main Essay

By the end of the Qing dynasty, did China already have the main features of a modern economy and state - Essay Example policies are divided in two: the state policies that are directly affect the economy (industrial and monetary policies) and government’s social policies that indirectly affect the economy (Pierson 2004, p.80). China is one state that was characterized by capitalism during its transition to a modern economy towards the end of Qing dynasty. The process of modernization was slow and often met with a lot of interruptions. Capitalism can be defined as the inclination towards a steady accumulation of wealth, this is according to Pirenne. Periodization of capitalism into early, high and late capitalism was made by a German economist, Werner Sombart and late capitalism is referred to as state capitalism and it happened between the period 1880 and the start of imperialism by Lenin (Goody 2004, p.3). The Qing dynasty dealt with the foreign people using the same methods that they dealt with other Asian countries. The war started in 1839 when Imperial Commissioner Lin Zexu ordered suppression of drug (opium) trade between foreigners and the local merchants. The aim was to take away the control of opium trade from foreigners. He wanted the same control of trade as administrators had in Britain. After several wars with the British, China finally lost and agreed to form more trade concessions with the British. It saw the signing of the 1842 Treaty of Naijing and the treaty was in favor of the British. Defeat in the Opium War lead to the opening of the West into China and brought in a new era of Western Imperialism. The British captured the Guangzhou port and neighboring ports such as the Shanghai port and finally sailed upwards along the Yangzi River to Naijing. Many of the Qing officials committed suicide when they realized that they could not defeat the British. This is because the Qing dynasty had no enough armies and was lacking funds (Ebrey, Palais and Walthall 2008, p.298). Before the Opium War, the Europeans were allowed to trade at only one part of China, at the port

Personal Leadership Analysis and Action Plan Term Paper

Personal Leadership Analysis and Action Plan - Term Paper Example They did things together as a family including shopping. John would pay the bills showing good examples to the children that when they become men they would want to be like John. I mean john was everything to us, working with the government; he took them to the best schools in town he taught them how to do basic things that a child needs to know including discipline and manners, he was their source of encouragement as he encouraged them to take up challenges in life. Sophia was heaven on earth; she helped the children with school work, made our food, sung and even played with them. Meal time was celebration time; Sophia would make the meal with her hands that had the touch of class. He baking was top class as no bakery in town would compare to it. She made cakes for the children as if they were daily bread, and the daily bread that she made was as if every day was an occasion. Whenever food was served it never mattered what was on the table, it was always taken with joy. This was uto pia in real life. Then John quit his job, and he was greatly compensated. This simply meant that he had more money that before, they went from being a middle class to a rich family. He ventured into businesses that had great returns, John was rich. He was a successful man in every rite of business he ventured into; but true as they say, more money more problems. The family started seeing less of John more day by day; he would go on trips that involved business. Days grew into weeks and weeks became months. This was followed by both Sophia and john beginning to doubt each other, each alleging the other of cheating. John claimed Sophia was seeing another man and Sophia said John had been sported severally with another woman. Finally the day came when the truth came to light. John came in and called the family together, and in his eloquence he said he had come to a decision to leave Sophia and had found another woman that he would marry. Now this

By the end of the Qing dynasty, did China already have the main Essay

By the end of the Qing dynasty, did China already have the main features of a modern economy and state - Essay Example policies are divided in two: the state policies that are directly affect the economy (industrial and monetary policies) and government’s social policies that indirectly affect the economy (Pierson 2004, p.80). China is one state that was characterized by capitalism during its transition to a modern economy towards the end of Qing dynasty. The process of modernization was slow and often met with a lot of interruptions. Capitalism can be defined as the inclination towards a steady accumulation of wealth, this is according to Pirenne. Periodization of capitalism into early, high and late capitalism was made by a German economist, Werner Sombart and late capitalism is referred to as state capitalism and it happened between the period 1880 and the start of imperialism by Lenin (Goody 2004, p.3). The Qing dynasty dealt with the foreign people using the same methods that they dealt with other Asian countries. The war started in 1839 when Imperial Commissioner Lin Zexu ordered suppression of drug (opium) trade between foreigners and the local merchants. The aim was to take away the control of opium trade from foreigners. He wanted the same control of trade as administrators had in Britain. After several wars with the British, China finally lost and agreed to form more trade concessions with the British. It saw the signing of the 1842 Treaty of Naijing and the treaty was in favor of the British. Defeat in the Opium War lead to the opening of the West into China and brought in a new era of Western Imperialism. The British captured the Guangzhou port and neighboring ports such as the Shanghai port and finally sailed upwards along the Yangzi River to Naijing. Many of the Qing officials committed suicide when they realized that they could not defeat the British. This is because the Qing dynasty had no enough armies and was lacking funds (Ebrey, Palais and Walthall 2008, p.298). Before the Opium War, the Europeans were allowed to trade at only one part of China, at the port

Effective Assessment Practices Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Effective Assessment Practices Paper - Essay Example 1. Assess student readiness for learning -- Any information that the student needs is available to them in some way. Usually this material is part of the syllabus. It will include any pre-requisites for the course that are needed, the ways that are acceptable for the course to be completed (how to submit assignments etcetera) and the consequences of cheating or plagiarism. 2. Learning objectives, instructional and assessment activities are aligned -- students will be informed in this section about the criteria that will be used to evaluate discussions, core concepts, grading and assignments as well as student projects. Due dates will be clear and each student will know what is expected. 3. Multiple assessment strategies -- This section evaluates the different types of assessment that include things like reference lists of materials students can use, options for the assignments, tests and quizzes, papers or projects and any other type of assessment that the instructor feels is necessary for the course to be completed. 4. Regular feedback -- students should receive feedback quickly from the instructor and the teacher should guide the student for improvement. Rubrics are important to allow all students to know what is expected, the grading scale is described and if necessary there are practice exercises. 5. Self-assessments and peer feedback -- some instructors include self assessment practice assignments that they make available to students before tests. Others have specific questions, have peer review or students get to apply their work to rubrics. 1. Evaluation criteria -- criteria should reflect instruction, the essence or key attributes of a skill or body of knowledge to be mastered and all criteria must be teachable (students must be able to improve). 1. DFN 12012 Assessment for Cardiovascular Respiratory Renal Block (Appendix A)-- this rubric does not meet the criteria for a good rubric. The rubric asks students

The Best Lesson My Dad Taught Me Essay Example for Free

The Best Lesson My Dad Taught Me Essay The best lesson my dad taught me was†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. To always be honest. I’m glad he taught me this because at home if I do something wrong and he knows I’m lying and I tell the truth, I get in less trouble instead of getting things taken away. He tells me the odds are in my favor if I listen. I agree with him because I wouldn’t want my kids to lie to me. You always get in less trouble if you don’t lie. I only lived for about 13 years but every single second I learned more and more. It always ends up embarrassing after telling a lie and someone has found out. We all must admit it, weve ALL lied. Nobody likes a liar. My dad will say are you sure with your answer and if I say no I tell him the truth and he says don’t do it again. If your gonna lie to your friends its just stupid because eventually they will find and you will lose them. Before I ever answer some thing I ask myself, â€Å"is it worth lying about it. † Then I just follow my conscience. I don’t always make the right choice, but I learn from my mistakes. My dad is 40 years old and he told me had made more mistakes in a year than I do in 13. Just tell the truth because if you’re my kid that is the easiet part of life. I love him to death and wouldn’t trade him for the world!

Terrorism and the Movies :: Media Entertainment Essays

Terrorism and the Movies Sara Groff, commenting on a recent article by Slavoj Zizek: Here is my attempt at making Zizek's article a little more understandable in a shortened format. I hope this helps everyone as I think he has some profound insights into this topic. As we all watched the horrific events of Tuesday, September 11, unfold before our very eyes - the strategically planned date of 9-1-1 appeared as if it were the setting for a big budget special effects film. The only problem - this time no director would yell cut. All we have to do is rent one of Blockbusters latest hits or watch a few video games and we'll see the disgustingly ironic parallel: bombs exploding, planes crashing, buildings collapsing, people dying, and those running away as they shriek in terror. Film producers spend millions of dollars to create such scenes, and we pay millions each year to go and see the horrific yet exciting final product. Last Tuesday our country found that the reality is much different from the fantasy- we can’t press pause or stop, we must deal with real enemies in the real world. The relation of terrorism to film is an undeniable and unavoidable topic, brought to light for us by Slavoj Zizek's article, "Welcome To The Desert Of The Real." His article is an in-depth exploration into the sometimes confusing, most definitely complex topic of America as a fantasy. Picture this - we are all inhabitants of an idealistic suburb that appears perfect in every way. Green grass, gingerbread houses, kids playing, and dogs out for their afternoon walk. However, one day this world in which you have always lived is proven to be a fake. The set comes down, the lights burn out, all the extras fade away, and we alone are left to deal with our world as it truly is. "The Truman Show" (1998) was based on this phenomenon. Zizek refers to this false world as being "substanceless, deprived of material inertia." So, do we live a staged life in which we are isolated from the real world of material decay? Zizek's belief that in order to bring reality to our world, we must experience the "desert of the real" stems from the 1999 Blockbuster hit, "The Matrix." "The Matrix" generates the belief that our environment is a virtual one - controlled by one mega-computer, and no matter how hard we try, one day we will have to awaken to the "real reality.

Hunters in the Snow by Tobias Wolff :: Tobias Wolff

Is society too egotistical? In Hunters in the Snow, Tobias Wolfe gives an illustration of the selfishness and self-centeredness of humankind through the actions of his characters. The story opens up with three friends going on their habitual hunting routine; their names are Frank, Kenny, and Tub. In the course of the story, there are several moments of tension and arguments that, in essence, exposes the faults of each man: they are all narcissistic. Through his writing in Hunters in the Snow, Wolfe is conveying that the ultimate fault of mankind is egotism and the lack of consideration given to others. For the duration of the story, there are several occurrences which exemplify insensitive as well as self-important mind-sets. Kenny, for instance, does not care about others around him; he is exceedingly self-absorbed. In one part, for instance, he jokingly yet dangerously runs Tub off the road with his vehicle. By doing so, Kenny is showing a careless side; a side that is neither concerned about hurting others nor himself. In his view, his entertainment comes before anything else; hence, injuring Tub was never a consideration. In addition, he also mercilessly taunts Tub about his weight when Kenny knows that it is both a touchy and upsetting subject matter for Tub. Frank, too, is also very self-centered since he is willing to leave his wife for their fifteen year old babysitter, who is barely half-way done with high school. The third main character, Tub, is also quite narcissistic because he becomes immensely defensive when it comes to his weight since he allows Kenny’s mock to offend him; therefore, Tub is egotistical given that he is fixated with his image. As the story, Hunters in the Snow, progresses, the egotistical behaviors of the characters become even more apparent given the lack of sympathy when Kenny is gravely injured. Both Tub and Frank, for example, do not react as most friends would; as moral and compassionate friends would. Surprisingly, Tub, the individual who shoots Kenny in self-defense, shows neither guilt nor regret for his action as he watches his hunting companion collapse in pain. Tub as well as Frank pays no heed to Kenny’s distress as he lies in excruciating pain; basically, neither man shows a degree of remorse for their friend’s pain. For instance, both men are in no rush to transport Kenny to the hospital since they decide to stop at a tavern to get warm and leave Kenny in the truck in utter anguish.